Works
- Predicting organizational effectiveness with a four-factor theory of leadership, Administrative Science Quarterly 11(2), 238 to 263, 1966
- Management by Participation: Creating a Climate for Personal and Organizational Development, Harper and Row, New York, 1967
- Durability of organizational change, American Psychologist 25(3), 227 to 233, 1970
- OD techniques and their results in 23 organizations: the Michigan ICL study, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 9(1), 21 to 43, 1973
In Organizational Structures
Known for
The Michigan Inter-Company Longitudinal Study
Ideas
Survey feedback. Across 23 organizations, survey feedback was the organizational development treatment most associated with improvement, while laboratory training was associated with decline. Caveat: Treatments not randomly assigned; Pasmore (1976) proposed an alternative explanation.