Michel Foucault

Thinkers1926 to 1984Philosopher and historian

Works

  • Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, 1975

In Tactics of Organizational Politics

Ideas

Disciplinary power and panopticism. Foucault describes a shift from punishment as public spectacle to discipline, a form of power that works through observation, normalizing judgment, and examination. Using Bentham's design for a prison in which inmates can always be seen but never know when they are watched, he argued that power which is visible and unverifiable leads people to regulate themselves, so enforcement is rarely needed.

What it explains

Foucault explains why visible surveillance and the occasional public example can make a whole population comply in advance. Records, audits, and reviews discipline people less by what they find than by everyone knowing they could be used.

Tactics that draw on Michel Foucault (27)

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