Works
- Leading workers to lead themselves: the external leadership of self-managing work teams, Administrative Science Quarterly 32(1), from page 106, 1987
- Employee self-management without formally designated teams: an alternative road to empowerment, Organizational Dynamics 20(3), 48 to 61, 1992
In Organizational Structures
Known for
Self-leadership and the external leadership of self-managing teams.
Ideas
Leading self-managing teams. With Sims, found that the most important behaviors of external leaders of self-managing teams are those that help the team observe, evaluate, and reinforce itself. Caveat: A study of one plant, with effectiveness rated, not measured.
Self-management without designated teams. With Shipper, described W. L. Gore and Associates as one large empowered team: a lattice structure, many leaders but no bosses, and associates who deal directly with one another. Caveat: A description of one company, read in its abstract only.
In this section, “read” means read by the Organizational Structures series: where a line says a work, or part of one, was not read, the series did not read it.