Magoroh Maruyama

Thinkers1929 to 2018Cybernetician

Works

  • The Second Cybernetics: Deviation-Amplifying Mutual Causal Processes, American Scientist, 1963

In Thinking Tools

Known for

Where the first cybernetics studied feedback that corrects deviations and keeps a system stable, he described mutual causal processes that amplify a small initial deviation, which explain how growth, differentiation, and divergence arise.

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