Works
- TCG R&D networks: the triangulation strategy, Journal of Industry Studies 1(1), 65 to 74, 1993
- Holonic organisational architectures, Human Systems Management 15(1), 27 to 54, 1996
- Organizing in the knowledge age: anticipating the cellular form, Academy of Management Executive 11(4), 7 to 20 (the journal now titled Academy of Management Perspectives), 1997
In Organizational Structures
Known for
Holonic architectures and the TCG case behind the cellular form.
Ideas
The holonic organization. Nested, semi-autonomous units that are wholes in themselves and parts of larger wholes, with order coming from coordination of the units rather than central control of operations. Caveat: Conceptual, generalized from technical and biological systems.
A firm as a cluster of autonomous small firms. TCG's internal cluster of small firms and its triangular approach to developing products with partners. Caveat: One company group.