Works
- Relationship in organization, Bulletin of the International Management Institute, Geneva, March 1933; reprinted in Luther Gulick and L. Urwick (eds.), Papers on the Science of Administration (Institute of Public Administration, Columbia University, New York, 1937), from page 181, 1933
- Relationship in organization, in Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick (eds.), Papers on the Science of Administration, Institute of Public Administration, Columbia University; reissued by Routledge, 2004, 1937
In Organizational Structures
Known for
The arithmetic of span of control
Ideas
The arithmetic of span of control. A manager with n subordinates faces n(2^(n-1) + n - 1) possible direct single, direct group, and cross relationships, so each added subordinate raises the load sharply. Caveat: Counts possible relationships, not those that occur; the text was not read.
Relationships in organization. Graicunas counted the direct, group, and cross relationships a superior must handle and showed they rise far faster than the number of subordinates, n(2^(n-1) + n - 1). Caveat: An arithmetic count of possible relationships, not a measure of how many are active.
In this section, “read” means read by the Organizational Structures series: where a line says a work, or part of one, was not read, the series did not read it.