Calibrated Questions

Thinking Tools6.3 Implementing the Action Plan

Developed by Chris Voss (Never Split the Difference, with Tahl Raz, 2016).

Replaces yes-or-no and why questions with open how and what questions, which set the other side working on the problem with less defensiveness.

When to reach for it

A negotiation or hard request where a direct ask would provoke pushback, especially when the other side holds more power.

How it runs

  1. Drop why questions and yes-or-no closers.
  2. Open with how or what.
  3. Phrase each question so that answering takes thought.
  4. Keep a few ready, such as: how am I supposed to do that?

Where it sits in SOLVE eX

Go to the source

  • Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It, HarperBusiness, chapter 7, 2016

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